When was fayetteville arkansas founded

The West Dickson Street Commercial Historic District includes several blocks along its namesake street as well as a few blocks of West Avenue lined with unique shops, restaurants and bars. Adjacent to the University of Arkansas campus, several of Dickson Street's establishments cater to students. The district has been enjoying a rejuvenation began in the s by Dickson Street merchants who had watched the street turn into a dilapidated, crime-filled area.

Many businesses had relocated onto College Avenue, leaving Dickson Street empty and in disrepair. The improvements lured the Walton Arts Center , today Arkansas' premier center for arts and entertainment, to locate on Dickson Street, a decision that proved beneficial to both parties. The center is the result of a joint effort between the City of Fayetteville and the University of Arkansas to bring arts to the city.

The center is located on Dickson Street halfway between the University and the town square. It currently features a full Broadway theatre season, arts camps, continuing education opportunities for teachers of the arts, University-sponsored performances in addition to serving as a host for community events. A considerable donation from the namesake Walton family assisted greatly in the construction of the building. TheatreSquared , Northwest Arkansas's only year-round professional regional theatre, is located just off Dickson Street, with an annual audience of 11, patrons including 3, students reached through outreach programs.

The theatre was recognized in by the American Theatre Wing as one of the nation's fifty most promising emerging theatres. The motorcycle rally benefits local charities and is scheduled for a fall weekend when the Razorbacks football team is not playing in Fayetteville.

Although scheduled for four days, motorcycle enthusiasts will often come early and stay late, unofficially extending BBB into a weeklong event.

During the event, motorcycles will form an impromptu parade down Dickson Street for onlookers. Musical performances and many other unofficial events also accompany BBB each year.

The Fayetteville Historic Square has been the center of Fayetteville since the county's first courthouse was located there in The area is surrounded by wide sidewalks, landscaped gardens, and one-way streets.

Containing boutiques, restaurants, music venues, museums, condos, the visitor center, and a convention center, the Square is constituted of both historic structures and new constructions. The farmers' market began in and runs 7am to 1pm from the first Saturday in April through the last Saturday before Thanksgiving set in the Fayetteville Historic Square. Over 60 vendors provide locally grown fruits and vegetables in addition to crafts, flower bouquets, music and art, making the Fayetteville Farmers' Market very diverse.

The market has been praised by the Farmers Market Coalition for its formatting which allows farmers to interact directly with customers and also empowering each vendor with a vote before making major changes in market policy.

The farmers' market moves to the Botanical Garden of the Ozarks for Sunday mornings with vendors, with some vendors also choosing to attend the Mill District Farmer's Market on Thursday evenings.

The Blair Library was awarded the Thomson Gale Library Journal Honorable Mention Library of the Year award, and, as a testament to its popularity, has seen its popularity increase, with twice as many items checked out in than in The library includes a local coffeeshop, Arsaga's, and hosts several events, including film festivals, book signings, and public forums throughout the year.

Fayetteville contains 40 listings on the National Register of Historic Places NRHP , the official federal list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. Young Building built in , and the Guisinger Building. The Headquarters House served as a command post in the city for both the Union and Confederacy during the Civil War, and today serves as a museum. Built in following the Civil War, the cemetery has been expanded from its original 1, interments to over 7, interments.

The house where they were married and lived is now the Clinton House Museum highlighting his early political life and features campaign memorabilia, a replica of Hillary's wedding dress, a photo gallery, and footage from his early campaign commercials. The Fayetteville Parks and Recreation Department maintains 70 parks whose total land area makes up 3, acres 1, ha. The National Wildlife Federation has listed many parks and trails in Fayetteville as Certified Wildlife Habitats, which provide food, water, shelter, and a nurturing environment for young wildlife.

The park was the city's first, and today contains a swimming pool, two playgrounds, a baseball field, picnic areas, and a castle in addition to courts for volleyball, basketball and tennis. The National Register of Historic Places -listed historic district encompasses 47 homes constructed in the late 19th and early 20th century along the southern edge of the park. A new addition to the Fayetteville parks scene is the Botanical Garden of the Ozarks.

First envisioned in , the Botanical Garden Society of the Ozarks raised funds for the facility until beginning construction in Planned to be built in three stages, the first stage has been completed and includes a visitor center, cafe, and garden gateway.

Fayetteville takes pride in its trail system, and has been named a Bicycle Friendly Community by the League of American Bicyclists since Trails in Fayetteville are well-marked with signs along the route in addition to road crossings.

The city maintains trails within the city limits and segments of inter-city trails such as the Razorback Regional Greenway. The Razorback Greenway is a mile 58 km , primarily off-road, shared-use trail that connects Fayetteville with Bella Vista via Johnson , Springdale , Lowell , Bentonville , and Rogers. The Fayetteville trail system is anchored by the Scull Creek Trail, a north—south paved trail which is 3. That original Fayetteville was named for General Lafayette , a French general who helped the colonies gain independence in the American Revolutionary War.

The first store in Fayetteville was opened by John Nye in a small building constructed by James Holmsley. This was on the outskirts of town then but now is a street named after him that connects College and School streets.

The first hotels were the Burnside House and the Onstott House. Fayetteville was incorporated as a town on November 3, In a city charter was obtained from the Legislature. During the Civil War the municipal government was suspended and was not reinstated until Rhea was the president of the town trustees in ; J.

Walker was the first mayor under the charter of , and M. Harrison was the first mayor when the government was reorganized in The house that served as Union headquarters during the action at Fayetteville is operated today as a museum about the war. The city housed wounded soldiers from the Battle of Prairie Grove in December , and housed injured troops on Dickson Street. Route 71B and Dickson Street, and at their headquarters. The building was restored and is operated as the Headquarters House , a museum of the Washington County Historical Society.

A cemetery for Confederate dead was founded in The Fayetteville Weekly Democrat began publishing in It later developed as the Northwest Arkansas Times , and is still in print today. The Fayetteville Schools District was founded on March 20, as the first independent school district in Arkansas. The public school system was established by the Reconstruction era legislature; before the war, all education was private.

Arkansas had struggled with a state banking crisis , resulting in the illegality of banking until Following the reinstatement, the Stark Bank became the first bank in the state in , becoming the William McIlroy Bank four years later.

This institution remains today as Arvest Bank. The rough, mountainous terrain south of Fayetteville is the Boston Mountains while the more-habitable Springfield Plateau contains the cities of Springdale , Bentonville and Rogers to the north. Fayetteville is located in the Boston Mountains , a subset of The Ozarks which run through northwest Arkansas, southern Missouri , and Eastern Oklahoma. In the Fayetteville area, following uplift during the Ouachita orogeny the sediments were eroded to expose the Mississippian limestone formations of the Springfield Plateau, while south of Fayetteville the remaining deeply eroded Pennsylvanian sediments form the steep Boston Mountains.

Fayetteville is also the namesake of the Fayetteville Shale , a geological formation which has recently become an epicenter for natural gas extraction by hydraulic fracturing.

According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of At times, this transition is seamlessly urban. Fayetteville is not bordered to its south, instead opening up to scenic country along the Boston Mountains Scenic Loop.

Although the Metropolitan Statistical Area does not consist of the usual principal-city-with- suburbs geography, Fayetteville's adjacent communities include Elkins , Farmington Greenland , Habberton , Johnson , and Wyman. Fayetteville is entirely contained within Fayetteville Township , as the township and city have identical boundaries. Although Arkansas generally does not use its civil townships for any governmental purpose, they are used for voting boundaries in some places.

Another prominent district is Uptown Fayetteville, which encompasses the scores of business and new homes near the Northwest Arkansas Mall in north Fayetteville. The University of Arkansas defines its own part of Fayetteville, with dozens of student apartments and restaurants located near campus. The University's impact is also apparent along College Avenue , which contains hundreds of shops and restaurants.

The Fayetteville Historic Square is the original city center of Fayetteville, and Dickson Street is the best-known entertainment district in Arkansas. Fifteenth Street forms the southernmost residential district of Fayetteville, with the Fayetteville Industrial Park to its east.

Fayetteville has annexed six unincorporated communities within its current corporate limits. The other 2 are listed as "historical populated places. Baldwin was added the following year, with Barbara and Ruckers Grove being annexed in Fayetteville's most recent annexation occurred in when White Rock was added to the city limits.

Fayetteville experiences all four seasons and does receive cold air masses from the north, however some of the Arctic masses are blocked by the higher elevations of the Ozarks.

July is the hottest month of the year, with an average high of January is the coldest month with an average high of Precipitation is weakly seasonal, with a bimodal pattern: wet seasons in the spring and fall, and relatively drier summers and winters, but some rain in all months. The spring wet season is more pronounced than fall, with the highest rainfall in May. This differs slightly from the climate in central Arkansas, where the fall wet season is more comparable to spring. In the census, Fayetteville had a population of 73, and grew by As of the census of , there were 73, people, 33, households, and 14, families residing in the city.

The population density was 1, There were 38, housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was Fayetteville was the second best educated city in Arkansas after Maumelle in the Census, proportionately, with There were 33, households out of which The average household size was 2. In the city the population was spread out with The median age was For every females there were Out of the total population, There are also higher proportions of Methodists and Pentecostals above the national average.

Although much of the Fayetteville—Springdale—Rogers Metropolitan Area has grown with Walmart 's ascent to the 1 corporation listed by the Fortune , Fayetteville has often made it clear that the city prefers to associate itself with the University of Arkansas rather than the worldwide retailer. Walmart is based in nearby Bentonville, Arkansas and is one of six Fortune corporations based in the state the others being Dillard's , J.

Despite not being based in Fayetteville, these corporations have a big impact through the University of Arkansas. The Sam M. Walton College of Business named for Sam Walton at the University has received numerous donations from the Walton family. The poultry science program at Arkansas is one of the Top 3 programs in the United States. Hunt is based in Lowell, Arkansas. Hunt Center for Academic Excellence that completed in The University of Arkansas has also been changing into a research-centered university since the lateth century.

The university's stated goals now include becoming the economic engine for the region, the state of Arkansas, and beyond.

This focus on innovation has helped draw students who were interested in research to Fayetteville. The university took a big step towards its new focus in , when it was designated as a "very high activity research university" by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

In , Forbes magazine ranked Fayetteville 15 on its list of "Best Places For Business And Careers," using criteria such as the cost of doing business, cost of living, educational achievement, and crime rate. Fayetteville's culture is a combination of a Southern city, college town, and the surrounding Northwest Arkansas metro. Fayetteville shares many of the characteristics commonly given to Arkansas as a Southern state, yet it has also absorbed cultural influence from the Mid and South West.

Located firmly in the Upper South , Fayetteville's culture is distinct and it differs from the southeastern portion of the state and other Southeastern Conference college towns, areas more commonly associated with the Deep South.

Many of the city's first settlers came from Upper South states like Kentucky and Tennessee , who found the Ozarks familiar to the Appalachian Mountains back home. The "hillbilly" stereotype given to the Ozarks and Appalachians is largely a derivative of the difficult topography, tendency to settle in clusters, and mostly cashless self-sustaining economy found in those regions. Paul Branch of the railroad.

Lincoln developed as an apple growing center before the Civil War. Tontitown began in when an Italian colony, having been driven from southeastern Arkansas by disease and unfamiliar agricultural practices, settled in Washington County and successfully began to grow grapes. When the Butterfield Stage route from near St.

Louis to San Francisco came through in , the County was connected to the outside world. From Fayetteville it proceeded south with a stop at Parks Station west of Winslow, and a flag stop at Strickler. From there was a rugged trip across the Boston Mountains to Van Buren. The stage line was terminated in after only three years due to the Civil War.

The Civil War devastated most of the countryside as well as the villages and towns that had prospered in the three to four decades before the War. Troop movements and guerilla activities resulted in burning of buildings in towns, destruction of crops and livestock and much loss of life. It has been said Fayetteville largely was controlled by the Union Army and the countryside by Confederate guerillas. The populace was split with loyalties to both sides. Both Union and Confederate military units were formed of County men.

After the war, Fayetteville began to rebuild fairly quickly. Springdale, or Shiloh as it was known, began to grow as did Prairie Grove. Cane Hill recovered and thrived for several years, including Cane Hill College. Fayetteville had recovered sufficiently in to compete for, and win as location for the State Land Grant university, called Arkansas Industrial University initially.

The name was changed to University of Arkansas in Initial classes were held in a remodeled farmhouse and a hastily constructed frame building. Advances in communication and transportation eased the remoteness of Fayetteville. In , E. Boudinot and W. Davenport formed the Washington County Telephone Company, starting the first telephone exchange.

When wireless telegraphing became a reality, UA erected a foot wooden tower for sending coded messages. Students of electricity used the telegraph from to In , the university erected a wireless apparatus and began broadcasting as KFMQ radio, later changed to KUOA ; it is recognized as one of the oldest radio stations in the world.

Glenn L. Martin piloted the first airplane flight in the county on September 1, , at the county fair on the site that became the University Indoor Tennis Facility.

Railroads began to lose business as trucking expanded and served points not near a railroad. Trucks first made short deliveries and pickups only in dry weather. The historic Washington County Courthouse , erected in , still stands and continues to be used by the county in an auxiliary capacity. From to , the field was used to train pilots and instructors for World War II.

Programs were operated in conjunction with UA. More than 2, students in the th College Training Detachment received pilot training from March 1, , to June 30, Dramatic growth in production beginning in the s would make poultry the main agriculture product by the s. With the exception of grapes, production of most other agriculture products declined or showed little increase. This led to a change from canning to other forms of processing. Fayetteville was one of the first cities in the South to desegregate its school systems.

Modern Era In , Fayetteville began developing an industrial park to centralize and diversify industries. In the twenty-first century, Fayetteville has nine elementary schools, two middle schools, two junior high schools, and one high school. In , the current Washington County Courthouse was built.

Among products made or processed in the area are poultry, dairy , electrical equipment, hand tools, automotive equipment, and printed business forms. Fayetteville is a center for banking and finance, real estate, insurance, building industry, and retail and wholesale trades.

On August 19, , the Fayetteville City Council approved a civil rights ordinance that protects people in Fayetteville from discrimination in housing, employment, and public accommodations on the basis of sexual orientation.

However, voters overturned the ordinance on December 9, A new ordinance, one with greater exceptions for religious institutions, went before the voters on September 8, , and passed. Williams House No.

The E. There are many historic cemeteries in the city, including the Fayetteville National Cemetery , Fayetteville Confederate Cemetery , and Evergreen Cemetery. In addition, Fayetteville is one of two locations in the state to feature a Strengthen the Arm of Liberty monument. Notable Figures John Ridge was a Cherokee leader who hoped that a move west might keep the Cherokee people from being wiped out by white soldiers.

After he was assassinated for his part in negotiating the loss of Cherokee lands in the East, his widow, Sarah Ridge , took herself, her children, and their teacher Sophia Sawyer to Fayetteville.

William Fulbright , Senator Carl R. Gray, and architects E. Fay Jones and and Edward Durell Stone. Samuel Pinckney Pittman , a Confederate Civil War soldier, was born and grew up on a family farm southwest of Fayetteville. For additional information: Alison, Charles Y. A Brief History of Fayetteville, Arkansas. Campbell, Denele.